養殖污水(shuǐ)具有典型的“三高(gāo)”特(tè)征即:有機(jī)物(wù)濃度(dù)高(gāo),
COD 高(gāo)达(dá)3000-12000mg/l;氨氮高(gāo),数值高(gāo)达(dá) 800-2200mg/l;懸浮物(wù)高(gāo),SS超标(biāo)数十(shí)倍;可(kě)生化(huà)性(xìng)一(yī)般;臭味大(dà);色(sè)度(dù)深,因(yīn)含有大(dà)量(liàng)動(dòng)物(wù)粪便而致(zhì)使 NH3-N 濃度(dù)很高(gāo),生猪養殖污水(shuǐ)處(chù)理(lǐ)中(zhōng)並(bìng)且(qiě)含有大(dà)量(liàng)的致(zhì)病性(xìng)
细(xì)菌;沖洗排放(fàng)时(shí)間(jiān)集中(zhōng),沖擊負荷大(dà)等諸多(duō)特(tè)性(xìng)。污水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的污染物(wù)主(zhǔ)要(yào)以(yǐ)固态、溶解(jiě)态存在(zài)的碳水(shuǐ)化(huà)合物(wù)形式存在(zài),使污水(shuǐ)表(biǎo)現(xiàn)出很高(gāo)的 BOD5 、CODcr 、SS和(hé)色(sè)度(dù)等,同(tóng)时(shí)該污水(shuǐ)可(kě)生化(huà)較好(hǎo),且(qiě)污水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)含有大(dà)量(liàng)的 N、P 等營養物(wù)質(zhì)。因(yīn)污水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的固體(tǐ)殘渣主(zhǔ)要(yào)为有機(jī)
物(wù)質(zhì),所(suǒ)以(yǐ)必須强化(huà)預處(chù)理(lǐ),進(jìn)行固液分離,降低(dī)後(hòu)續處(chù)理(lǐ)負荷。生猪養殖廢水(shuǐ)處(chù)理(lǐ)方法(fǎ)可(kě)簡單地(dì)歸納为物(wù)理(lǐ)處(chù)理(lǐ)法(fǎ)、化(huà)學(xué)處(chù)理(lǐ)法(fǎ)和(hé)生物(wù)處(chù)理(lǐ)法(fǎ),應(yìng)用(yòng)最(zuì)廣泛的是(shì)生物(wù)處(chù)理(lǐ)法(fǎ),即主(zhǔ)要(yào)通(tòng)过(guò)微生物(wù)的生命过(guò)程把(bǎ)污水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的有機(jī)物(wù)轉(zhuǎn)化(huà)为新(xīn)的微生物(wù)细(xì)胞以(yǐ)及(jí)簡單形式的無機(jī)物(wù)
,從而达(dá)到(dào)去(qù)除有機(jī)物(wù)的目的。
生猪養殖廢水(shuǐ)處(chù)理(lǐ)自(zì)流進(jìn)入(rù)格栅池,其(qí)作(zuò)用(yòng)是(shì)去(qù)除污中(zhōng)固體(tǐ)懸浮物(wù),然後(hòu)廢水(shuǐ)流至(zhì)調节(jié)池,在(zài)調节(jié)池內(nèi)有效地(dì)進(jìn)行水(shuǐ)量(liàng)和(hé)水(shuǐ)質(zhì)調节(jié),經(jīng)提(tí)升(shēng)泵送入(rù)缺氧池,在(zài)缺氧池,污水(shuǐ)經(jīng)厭氧消化(huà),去(qù)除部分污染物(wù)質(zhì),部分難降解(jiě)的有機(jī)物(wù)質(zhì)在(zài)此轉(zhuǎn)化(huà)为易降解(jiě)的物(wù)質(zhì)有利于(yú)好(hǎo)氧消化(huà)
處(chù)理(lǐ)。流入(rù)好(hǎo)氧池後(hòu),填料上(shàng)吸附的大(dà)量(liàng)活性(xìng)生物(wù)膜,在(zài)氧气(qì)充足的条(tiáo)件(jiàn)下(xià),生物(wù)膜內(nèi)的菌體(tǐ)大(dà)量(liàng)吞食污水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的有機(jī)污染物(wù),進(jìn)行新(xīn)陳代(dài)謝,最(zuì)大(dà)程度(dù)地(dì)去(qù)除水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的有機(jī)污染物(wù),水(shuǐ)中(zhōng)的懸浮物(wù)沉澱到(dào)污泥(ní)斗(dǒu)中(zhōng),污泥(ní)在(zài)斗(dǒu)中(zhōng)經(jīng)过(guò)一(yī)段(duàn)时(shí)間(jiān)的濃縮後(hòu),定(dìng)期(qī)回(huí)流到(dào)調节(jié)池,剩
餘污泥(ní)排入(rù)干(gàn)化(huà)池進(jìn)行干(gàn)化(huà)和(hé)回(huí)收處(chù)理(lǐ),出水(shuǐ)經(jīng)兼性(xìng)塘進(jìn)行後(hòu)續處(chù)理(lǐ)後(hòu)达(dá)标(biāo)排放(fàng)。